Herbal Lessons

for right now till I can get something going with Brim, ALL Herbal lessons will be posted here

Herbs are very useful not only to help the human body grow and function (eat your veggies kiddies), but they are good for other reasons such as medical and magical. In my lessons you will not only learn the magical reasons to use herbs but the medical reasons for some of them too. A lot of you already know about aloe so I will use that as an example here.


Aloe - medical purpose - treats sun burn, and in small amounts such as a tea, can help with stomach problems and in a mild amount can cure constipation (that means you can't poop)


Magical purpose- Aloe is good for protection (like many herbs) but it can be used as a substitute for various herbs that you may not have in your area. it can substitute cloves, or any protection herb.


The Following are ways to use herbs and this is the main point of this lesson.

Air drying herbs is not only the easiest and least expensive way to dry fresh herbs, but this slow drying process also doesn't deplete the herbs of their oils. This process works best with herbs that don't have a high moisture content, like Bay, Dill, Marjoram, Oregano, Rosemary, Summer Savory and Thyme. Moisture dense herbs, like Basil, Chives, Mint, Tarragon preserve better in a dehydrator, or try freezing them. Use a microwave or oven to dry herbs only as a last resort. These actually cook the herbs to a degree, diminishing the oil content and flavor.

Harvesting

* Harvest before flowering. If you've been harvesting all season, your plants probably haven't had a chance to flower. But non-hardy herbs will start to decline as the weather cools, so late summer is a good time to begin drying your herbs.

* Cut in mid-morning. Let the morning dew dry from the leaves, but pick before the plants are wilting in the afternoon sun.


How To Dry Herbs

1. Cut healthy branches from your herb plants.

2. Remove any dry or diseased leaves

3. Shake gently to remove any insects.

4. If necessary, rinse with cool water and pat dry with paper towels. Wet herbs will mold and rot.

5. Remove the lower leaves along the bottom inch or so of the branch.

6. Bundle 4 - 6 branches together and tie as a bunch. You can use string or a rubber band. The bundles will shrink as they dry and the rubber band will loosen, so check periodically that the bundle is not slipping. Make small bundles if you are trying to dry herbs with high water content.

7. Punch or cut several holes in a paper bag. Label the bag with the name of the herb you are drying.

8. Place the herb bundle upside down into the bag.

9. Gather the ends of the bag around the bundle and tie closed. Make sure the herbs are not crowded inside the bag.

10. Hang the bag upside down in a warm, airy room.

11. Check in about two weeks to see how things are progressing. Keep checking weekly until your herbs are dry and ready to store.


Storing Dried Herbs

1. Store your dried herbs in air tight containers. Zip closing bags will do. I like to use small canning jars.

2. Be sure to label and date your containers.

3. Your herbs will retain more flavor if you store the leaves whole and crush them when you are ready to use them.

4. Discard any dried herbs that show the slightest sign of mold.

5. Place containers in a cool, dry place away from sunlight.

6. Dried herbs are best used within a year. As your herbs lose their color, they are also losing their flavor.

7. Use about 1 teaspoon crumbled dried leaves in place of a tablespoon of fresh

If you had been in the audience at one of Doc Wellman's Amazing Traveling Medicine Shows during the late 19th century, you would have probably bought a tincture after the performance. A tincture is an alcohol-based derivative of a fresh herb or other natural plant material, used primarily as an alternative medicine or dietary supplement. Few mainstream pharmaceuticals still offer medicines in tincture form, although this method is still popular among herbalists and homeopathic practitioners.

One of the main problems faced by early pharmacists was drug potency. Many drug compounds were mixed by hand at the drugstore and sold to patients soon afterwards. The drugs in powdered form often lost much of their potency within a few days or weeks. Remedies in tincture form, however, could remain potent for several years.

The alcohol, glycerin or vinegar used in a tincture added stability to the concentrated chemicals found in the herbs. Although hundreds of herbs and plants could survive the tincture process, the most common tincture formulas involved chemicals like laudanum, mecurochrome and iodine. An opium-based anesthetic called tincture of paregoric was also very popular in the late 19th century.

Because the list of ingredients is small and the process very straightforward, many believers in herbal medications make their own tinctures to this day. Homemade tinctures are considerably cheaper than their commercial counterparts, and they remain potent for up to two years. To prepare an herbal tincture, you will need a supply of dried, powdered or fresh herbs; a clean wide-mouthed jar; cheesecloth or muslin; and a supply of vodka or rum.

Place the herbs inside the jar and pour enough vodka or rum to cover them completely. Continue to pour the alcohol until you've reached the halfway point of the jar. Place a lid on the jar and store it in a dark, cool place for up to two weeks.

Shake the jar at least once a day. The alcohol should draw out the essence of the herbs. After two weeks, carefully strain the tincture through a cheesecloth or muslin into another clean jar and store it in a medicine cabinet. Most tincture recipes call for one tablespoon to be consumed at mealtime at least once a day. In place of the vodka or rum, vinegar or glycerin can be used. The ultimate point of a tincture is not to cause intoxication, but to provide the strongest possible concentration of an herb's healing essences.


An infusion is the outcome of steeping plants with a desired flavour in water or oil.

An infusion is very similar to a decoction but is used with herbs that are more volatile or dissolve readily in water, or release their active ingredients easily in oil. Boiling water is poured over the herb (or water of the appropriate temperature) and allow to steep for a time, usually 15 to 30 minutes or until the mix cools. The mix is then strained, bottled, and refrigerated for future use. Quantities of the herb/water or oil mix will vary according to the herb or how strong the infusion is required to be. A common proportion used is one ounce of herb to one pint of liquid.


A decoction is a method of extraction of herbal or plant material, which includes, but is not limited to:

* Stems
* Roots
* Bark

and

* Rhizomes.

Some 'teas' are decoctions. Likewise, the term is used colloquially in South India to refer to black coffee prepared by the traditional method. Decoctions, however, differ from most teas, infusions, or tisanes, in that decoctions are usually boiled.
Use in herbalism

In herbalism, decoctions are usually made to extract fluids from hard plant materials such as roots and bark. To achieve this, the plant material is usually boiled for 8–10 minutes in water. It is then strained.

Lesson #2

From here on out, we will be learning the names of 3 herbs and their purpose, as well as characteristics.


Peppermint- Planet: Venus Element: Air Main magickal uses: cleansing, consecration, dreams, happiness, healing, love, money, passion, prosperity, protection, psychic development, purification, release, renewal, rest, sleep Other magickal uses: Animals, divination, endings, energy, exorcism, good luck, grieving, spirit offering, success, transformation Lore: Mints are sacred to the god Hades, because (as happened with Daphne and Apollo--see *bay*) a young lovely named Minthe was transformed into a mint to keep her from Hades' embrace. Peppermint is also sometimes attributed to Zeus. Paul Beyerl suggests pairing peppermint with topaz or chalcedony for best effect.
Therapeutic uses

* Internal use
o Used to treat morning sickness, nausea, and spastic complaints of the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, bile ducts, dyspepsia, flatulence, intestinal colic, flatulence, gastritis and enteritis.
o It is furthermore used for indigestion, cramping, stomach ulcers, spastic colon, irritable bowel syndrome and is also used for its stimulant properties.
o It can have a powerful stimulant effect on the body and also positively influence the mind and emotions.
* External use
o Externally it is used to ease bronchial and upper respiratory tract infections, sinusitis, itching skin, burns, ringworm, neuralgia, rheumatism and to ward off insects.
* Aromatherapy and essential oil use
o Peppermint essential oil clears the mind, help you focus and relieves mental strain.
o For the body, it is used for flu, colds, sinus and headache.
o The digestion is boosted by this oil and it is helpful for nausea and vomiting, while stimulating the gall bladder and secretion of bile.
o Furthermore it helps with a spastic colon and stimulates the lymph nodes.
o It has strong analgesic properties and is useful for muscle pains, bruises, contusions and joints. The antimicrobial and antiviral properties make it useful for a variety of topical applications.
o On the skin, it helps to relieve itching and irritation and helps to cool the skin and reduce redness.
o It has analgesic, anesthetic, anti-galactagogue, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, astringent, carminative, cephalic, cholagogue, cordial, decongestant, emmenagogue, febrifuge, hepatic, nervine, stimulant, stomachic, vasoconstrictor and vermifuge properties.

Cloves- Planet: Sun/Jupiter Element: Fire Main magickal uses: clairvoyance, divination, exorcism, keeps away negative forces, love, memory, money, passion, peace of mind, protection, psychic protection, purification, stopping gossip Other magickal uses: cleansing, friendship, psychic development, release, spell-breaking Lore: Cloves were originally grown in China, and made their way to Europe in the fourth centure CE (Common Era). They, like cinnamon, are not grown in the United States, but are imported.
Parts used

The dried flower buds (Caryophylli floss) are used for medicinal and culinary purposes and an essential oil is also distilled.
Properties

Cloves are a spicy, warming herb that relieve pain, control nausea and vomiting, improve digestion, protect against internal parasites, cause uterine contractions and are strongly antiseptic.

They contain flavonoids, galloytannins, phenolic acids and triterpenes, while the oil contains eugenol, eugenyl acetate and b-caryophyllene.

The eugenol contained inhibits prostaglandin formation, which explains the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, but the herb has further antiseptic, antispasmodic and carminative properties.
Therapeutic uses

* Internal use
o It is used for digestive problems, helping the smooth muscle lining the digestive tract to relax.
o Cloves also kill intestinal parasites and act as an antimicrobial agent against fungi and bacteria.
o It has also been suggested that cloves have an antihistamine action as well.
o In Chinese medicine it is used for nausea, vomiting, impotence as well as hiccups.
o In folk medicine a clove is placed on the gum where toothache is present, and although it is effective, should not be done too much for too long.
* External use
o Cloves are used for toothache, in dental hygiene, and to treat insect bites.
o It is also used to help with rheumatism, as well as myalgia. The essential oil has good insect repellant properties.
* Aromatherapy and essential oil use
o It has a stimulating effect on the mind while its antiseptic properties are helpful to prevent viral infections. The oil is useful for treating rheumatoid arthritis and although not used in skin care, has a positive effect on skin sores and ulcers.
o A very small amount of clove oil can be applied to the affected area in cases of toothache.
o It has analgesic, antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, carminative, stomachic and uterine properties.

Lavender- (a stretch, but it appears in some gourmet recipes) Planet: Mercury Element: Air Main magickal uses: clairvoyance, cleansing, consecration, happiness, healing, love, Midsummer, money, passion, peace, peace of mind, protection, psychic protection, purification, tranquility Other magickal uses: blessings, chastity, divination, dreams, energy, gentleness, good luck, grieving, harmony, keeping secrets, magic (esp. to increase the duration of a spell), meditation, memory, psychic development, retention, ritual, sleep, stability, virility, weddings Lore: Attributed by some to Hecate, Saturn, and snake goddesses. Aoumiel also calls it attractive to elves.
Parts used

The fresh and dried flower tops are used, as well as an essential oil.
Properties

Lavender is an aromatic, tonic herb with a sweet scent. It relaxes spasms, benefits the digestion, stimulates peripheral circulation and the uterus and lowers fever. It is anti-septic and has an anti-depressant effect.

It contains linalyl acetate, linalool, cis-b-ocimene, trans-b-ocimene, 1-terpenen-4-ol, limonene, 1,8-ceneole, camphor, a-terpineol, caryophyllene epoxide and 3-octanone. The leaves contain rosmarinic acid and other tannins, coumarins, triterpenes and phenolic acids.
Therapeutic uses

* Internal use
o Lavender is used internally for indigestion, irritability, anxiety, exhaustion, tension headaches, migraine and bronchial complaints.
* External use
o Used externally to treat most type of burns, including sunburn, rheumatism, muscular pains, neuralgia, cold sores, insect bites, head lice, halitosis, vaginal discharge and anal fissure.
o It has an analgesic effect on the skin, which helps with pain relief, but it is the antiseptic and stimulant properties which make it very effective for use on wounds and burns.
o It is mainly used for its antiseptic and anti-dandruff properties but also have antibacterial, spasmolytic (relieving spasms) and local pain killing actions.
o It also contains ursolic acid, which is not only antibacterial, but also active against lipid oxidation and inhibits elastase – which results in tissue degeneration as well as inflammatory processes as well as tissue degradation such as psoriasis and eczemas.
o The rosmarinic acid and polyphenolic derivatives have good antioxidant properties, which is helpful in countering aging.
o On the skin, lavender oil tones and revitalizes it and it is useful for all types of skin problems, such as abscesses, acne, oily skin, boils, burns, sunburn, wounds, psoriasis, lice, insect bites, stings. It also acts as an insect repellent.
* Aromatherapy and essential oil use
o Lavender essential oil must be one of the most popular essential oils on the market, due to its versatile and safe use.
o It has a soothing and calming effect on the nerves, relieving tension, depression, panic, hysteria and nervous exhaustion in general and is effective for headaches, migraines and insomnia.
o It is an excellent oil to help with depression, migraine, insomnia and stress. Its antiseptic qualities are excellent for wounds and burns and its spasmolytic properties to treat coughs and intestinal complaints.
o The therapeutic properties of lavender oil are antiseptic, analgesic, anti-convulsant, anti-depressant, anti-rheumatic, anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, bactericide, carminative, cholagogue, cicatrisant, cordial, cytophylactic, decongestant, deodorant, diuretic, emmenagogue, hypotensive, nervine, rubefacient, sedative, sudorific and vulnerary.

Lesson #3

emember that if you have any questions please message me


Garlic- Planet: Mars Element: Fire Main magickal uses: exorcism, magic, passion, protection, spell-breaking, strength Other magickal uses: clairvoyance, commanding, confidence, consecration, courage, divination, healing, longevity, money, overcoming opposition, prevents nightmares, purification, stopping gossip, success, weather (fair) Lore: Garlic is one of the few "herbs" whose powers have survived into modern superstition, where it gives protection against vampires. (Silver RavenWolf says that it is also helpful against psychic vampires.) The Greeks attributed it to Hecate, the primary goddess of magic. It is also sacred to the Great Mother, Cybele. Its use actually goes back even further to the Sumerians. Besides its strong psychic protection, it also protects health when eaten regularly. It was beloved in most ancient societies that had it, to the extent that the builders of the Pyramids were paid partially in garlic, and at one point went on strike to get more (according to graffiti inside the Pyramids, left by the workers).


Parts used

The bulbs are used and an essential oil is also extracted.
Properties

Garlic is a pungent herb that prevents or clears bacterial infection, lowers fever by increasing perspiration, reduces blood pressure, cholesterol and sugar levels.

It is also an expectorant and is regarded to rejuvenate, detoxify and is also seen as an aphrodisiac in some cultures.

It has antibacterial, antiviral as well as lipid lowering properties and the intact fresh herb contains alliin which is degraded by the enzyme alliinase to the end product allicin.
Therapeutic uses

* Internal use
o It is used internally as supportive treatment of high blood lipids and for the prevention of age-related vascular changes - its cholesterol lowering effect.
o In folk medicine it is used to prevent infection and to treat colds, bronchitis and flu and also used in cases of HIV infection, due to its immune stimulant action.
o Garlic has also been found to reduce metabolism of glucose in diabetes, slow down the development of arteriosclerosis and lower the risk of heart attacks.
o Garlic is taken raw (swallowed whole, crushed or as a juice), in a syrup or tincture and in capsules.
o Garlic is used to enhance the flavor of meats, seafood and many vegetables and is an essential ingredient in the cuisine of Southern Europe.
* External use
o It can be used externally for skin problems and fungal infections.
* Aromatherapy and essential oil use
o This very strong smelling essential oil of garlic might not be the most pleasant smelling, but will relieve tiredness and is a good general tonic for the body, whilst a very powerful detoxifier.
o It also stimulates cell production and circulation - both of blood and lymph.
o It eases gastric distress and has a regulatory effect on diabetes, while it fights acne, spots, ringworm, lupus and abscesses on the skin.

Parsley- Planet: Saturn Element: Earth Main magickal uses: divination, happiness, passion, protection, psychic development, purification Other magickal uses: clairvoyance, cleansing, consecration, contacting other planes, fertility, good luck, invokation, meditation, rituals for the dead, speed Lore: Sacred to Persephone, parsley was used in the victory wreaths of the Isthmian games by the Greeks. Some also attribute it to Aphrodite and Venus, and with Mother goddesses. Parsley was thought to come from from the blood of Archemorus, a servant of Death.
Parts used

Leaves, roots, seeds and oil are used.
Properties

Parsley is a bitter, aromatic, and diuretic herb that relaxes spasms, reduces inflammation and clears toxins. It is also said to inhibit tumor-cell growth and stimulates the digestion and uterus.

It contains flavonoids (including apiin), traces of furanocoumarins (bergapten, oxypeucedanin, psoralen). The essential oil contains phenylpropanoids apiol, myristicin and allyltetramethoxybenzol.
Therapeutic uses

* Internal use
o This bitter aromatic herb is used to relaxes spasms, reduce inflammation and helps to clear toxins from the body.
o It is said to inhibit tumor-cell growth while stimulating the digestion and the uterus.
o Parsley is also used internally for menstrual complaints and edema.
o It is also used for ailments of the lower urinary tract and to prevent renal (kidney) gravel (stones).
o Furthermore, it can be used in flatulent dyspepsia, dysuria,rheumatic conditions, cystitis, prostate problems, indigestion, colic, anorexia, anemia and arthritis (roots and seeds). It is also used after childbirth for promoting lactation and contracting the uterus (roots and seeds).
* External use
o The leaves have some itch relieving properties if applied externally.
* Aromatherapy and essential oil use
o This oil made from parsley seed is helpful for water retention, stimulating the kidneys as well as helping with menopausal problems.
o It helps to cleanse the blood and boosts circulation and eases muscle spasms.
o On the skin, it helps clear bruises, is a tonic to the scalp and is said to help with head lice.

Sage- Planet: Mercury/Jupiter Element: Earth Main magickal uses: cleansing, healing, longevity, money, passion, prosperity, psychic development, psychic protection, purification, wisdom Other magickal uses: business, clairvoyance, consecration, divination, domestic harmony, energy, happiness, inspiration, keeping secrets, knowledge, love, Mabon, meditation, peace, retention, Samhain, tranquility, weddings, Yule Lore: The kind of sage found in the kitchen was brought to the New World by colonists, and was especially popular among Germans. It should not be confused with sagebrush.
Parts used

The leaves and essential oil are used.
Properties

Sage is an astringent, antiseptic, tonic herb, with a camphor-like aroma.Sage relaxes spasms, suppresses perspiration and lactation, improves liver function and digestion and has anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant and estrogenic effects.

It contains phenolic acids, flavonoids, diterpenoids, triterpenes and an essential oil which contains a-thujone, camphor, 1,8-ceneole and other monoterpenes.
Therapeutic uses

* Internal use
o Sage is used internally to treat indigestion and flatulence.
o It is also used to reduce excessive lactation in nursing mothers and night sweats (especially in menopause), excessive salivation, profuse perspiration, anxiety, depression, female sterility and menopausal problems.
o It also has supportive properties for the liver and is used to boost the functionality of the liver.
* External use
o Externally, it can be used for insect bites, throat, mouth, gum and skin infections, as well as vaginal discharge.
o It contains rosmarinic acid that has good antioxidant properties, which are reinforced by the picrosalvin also found in sage.
o Furthermore it has antimicrobial and antiviral effects and is often used in hair care to combat greasy and oily hair by regulating the sebum production of the scalp. It is used to treat various skin problems, such as acne.
* Aromatherapy and essential oil use
o Using small amounts, it lightens a tired mind and fights depression and grief. It must be used with great care, since high amounts can cause problems.
o It is useful to the digestive system, increasing appetitive, balancing the female hormone estrogen and easing dull aches and pains.
o Very useful for regulating the menstrual cycle, as well as reducing night sweats during menopause.
o On the skin, it is useful to refine the texture, for wound healing, as well as to clear up sores, ulcers and dermatitis.
o It has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, Hypertensive, laxative, stomachic and tonic properties.

Wow,Great job SilverVixen,I have studied herbs for years so i know about the medicinal aspects of herbs but i didn't know much about the magical properties of herbs.thank you for all the wonderful research you are doing,keep it coming.
blessed be.

Lesson #4- What I like to call the triple M's

MUGWORT: (Artemisia vulgaris)
Gender: Feminine
Planet: Moon
Element: Water
Associated Deities:
Artemis, Diana, Hecate.
Magickal Uses:
Astral Projection, Clairvoyance, Divination, Healing, Prophetic Dreams,
Protection, Psychic Powers, Strength.

USES

The mugwort has a large number of uses, and has been traditionally used to treat digestive disorders, and it has also been used as a tonic for various remedies. The mugwort is known to be milder in action than most other species of Artemisia, and this means that it can be taken for improving appetite, digestive functions, and absorption of nutrients over long periods of time, in small dosages. The elimination of worms within the body is achieved, and whenever needed, it can be used to induce menstruation as well. In Europe, mugwort is assumed to be a uterine stimulant, but this idea is in direct opposition to the Chinese concept of using mugwort to prevent miscarriage in a woman, and also to reduce and to stop excessive and heavy menstrual bleeding. The herb is also widely used as an antiseptic, and is known to provide relief in cases of malaria.
PROTECTIVE AMULET

* Purple velvet: 1 rectangle 4 in x 2 in (10 cm x 5 cm)
* Freshly picked mugwort that has been dried: approx. 5 g.

Sew a small pouch and fill it with the dried mugwort. Carry it in a pocket to protect against all sorts of bad external influences and slide it into your pillow to encourage revelatory dreams.
HOW IT WORKS IN THE BODY

Mugwort is a known traditional herbal remedy for worms, and when it is used in lowered dosages over a specified period of time, it can prove to be extremely effective. The herb can also be used as a bitter, and for improving digestion and bringing in an increase in appetite. The Chinese and Europeans use the herb for disorders and malfunctions in the reproductive system, and when properly used, the herb can bring on the onset of menstruation. The Chinese use the herb to warm the body, and to stop bleeding when the cycle is too long. It is also used to stop uterine bleeding brought on by certain deficiencies, in which case the herb cools the body. A cool or cold womb is thought to be the cause of infertility in a woman, and mugwort can be used to treat this condition as well. It can also, if used properly, stop a miscarriage from taking place, although this can only be done under the supervision of a qualified medical or herbal practitioner. Menstrual pain can be alleviated successfully with the help of mugwort, and when it is used externally in the form of a moxa stick on specific acupuncture points, it can even help turn a breech baby around in the womb. Chinese mugwort is found to be often acrid, bitter and warm.

HOW MUCH TO TAKE

As a tincture: 1-2 ml or 20-40 drops can be taken two times a day.
As an infusion: 100 ml or 4 fl oz can be taken two times a day.
The Chinese however use it in dosages of 3 - 9 g or 1/8 - 1/2 oz.
PARTS USED

Aerial parts, root.

Mistletoe
Long used for protection against lightning, disease, and misfortune of every kind, fires and so on, it is carried or placed in an appropriate spot for these uses. The leaves and berries are used. Mistletoe is placed in cradles to protect children from being stolen by fairies and replaced with changelings. A ring carved of mistletoe wood will ward off sicknesses when worn and the plant will cure fresh wounds quickly when carried (do not apply to the wound). Mistletoe is also carried or worn for good luck in hunting, and women carry the herb to aid in conception. It has also been utilized in spells designed to capture that elusive state of immortality, and to open locks. Laid near the bedroom door, mistletoe gives restful sleep and beautiful dreams, as it does when placed beneath the pillow or hung at the headboard. Kiss your love beneath mistletoe and you'll stay in love. Burned, mistletoe banishes evil. Wear it around your neck to attain invisibility. Mistletoe is an all-purpose herb.
The word "mistletoe" is about as nonspecific a term as you could possibly apply to a plant material. The addition of "American" or "European" helps a little. When properly used, American mistletoe refers to a single one of the more than 200 species of the genus Phoradendron. However, this species has four different scientific names, each of which is used more or less interchangeably. The most acceptable designation, of quite recent coinage, is Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Rev. & M. C. Johnst., synonymous with P. serotinum (Raf.) M. C. Johnst. and P. flavescens (Pursh) Nutt. The nomenclature seems to be evolving more rapidly than the plant group itself. Once considered synonymous with P. tomentosum (DC.) Engelm, subspecies macrophyllum (Cockerell) Wiens, that taxon is now referred to as P. macrophyllum (Engelm.) Cockerell subspecies macrophyllum. At first glance, the nomenclature for European mistletoe seems simpler; it is Viscum album L.. But there are three subspecies commonly recognized: platyspermum Kell., growing on broadleaf trees; abietis Beck, growing on silver fir; and laxum Fiek, growing on various pines, seldom on firs. All of these plants are parasitic shrubs belonging to the family Viscaceae.

Although the berries of both American and European mistletoe have long been considered poisonous, the leaves, in the form of a tea, have a considerable reputation as a home remedy. The reputed uses of the two plants are as different as their names. American mistletoe is believed to stimulate smooth muscles, causing a rise in blood pressure and increased uterine and intestinal contractions. European mistletoe has precisely the opposite reputation of reducing blood pressure and acting as an antispasmodic and calmative agent.

Actually, both kinds of mistletoe contain toxic proteins that are very similar in their chemical composition. These are designated phoratoxin when isolated from Phoradendron species and viscotoxins when obtained from various subspecies of Viscum album. Contrary to the folkloric reputation of the respective plants containing them, phoratoxin and the viscotoxins produced similar effects when injected into test animals. These included hypotension, slowing and weakening of the heartbeat, and constriction of the blood vessels in the skin and skeletal muscles. However, it must be noted that the effects of these toxins following oral administration in human beings have not been studied.

Extracts of European mistletoe are sometimes employed in Germany in the treatment of malignant tumors. A sterile solution, available commercially, is injected either intravenously or into the tumor itself to provide palliative treatment for certain types of cancer. The medication has not been approved for use in the United States. Such use of mistletoe extracts has led to identification in the plant of three lectins, that is, proteins which agglutinate red blood cells. Many plant lectins are highly cytotoxic, and research is currently being conducted to determine their potential in cancer chemotherapy.

Certain Australian species of mistletoe have been shown to extract toxic principles, such as alkaloids and glycosides, from the host plants on which they grow as parasites. Thus, mistletoes grown on Duboisia species contain toxic solanaceous alkaloids and those grown on oleander contain potent cardiac glycosides. The identity of the host plants on which the parasitic mistletoe is found is therefore extremely important if the crude plant material is to be used as a medicine.

Many popular writers on herbs recommend mistletoe tea as a treatment for conditions from anxiety to cancer. Because of the relatively high price of coffee, some persons have even advocated it as a pleasant-tasting substitute. Recent surveys of poisonous plants in the United States continue to emphasize the toxic nature of American mistletoe berries, but German sources now maintain that the berries, but not the leaves, of European mistletoe have only slight toxicity, if any. Until more definitive information is forthcoming, use of either type of mistletoe as a home remedy or as a beverage should definitely be avoided.

For many centuries, herbalists throughout Europe had relied on a tea and tincture of the berries to treat some of the symptoms associated with raised blood pressure: headaches, dizziness, loss of energy, irritability, etc. So from the grave has come one ancient remedy for a very serious medical condition.

European herbalists have a couple of different ways of using mistletoe as a heart sedative and antihypertensive. One way is to take equal parts (about two tablespoons each) of mistletoe and hawthorn berries and lemon balm leaves and steep them in two pints of boiling water for 25 minutes. One-half cup of the warm tea is taken morning and evening. The other way is to soak 4 teaspoons of chopped mistletoe in 1-1/4 pints of cold water overnight, and take one cup of the cool beverage first thing the next morning.
PARTS USED

Leaves, branches, berries.
USES

European mistletoe is chiefly used to lower blood pressure and heart rate, ease anxiety, and promote sleep. In low doses mistletoe also relieves panic attacks, headaches, and improves concentration. European mistletoe is also prescribed for tinnitus and epilepsy. In anthroposophical medicine, extracts of the berries are injected to treat cancer.
Other medical uses - Breast cancer, Ovarian cancer.
HOW MUCH TO TAKE

The doses given here are for noncancerous conditions.
Cold infusion: 2.5 g finely chopped leaf (fresh is considered more active than dried) covered in cold water, steeped at room temperature for 10 - 12 hours; 1 - 2 cups daily.
Warm infusion: 2 - 6 g dried leaf, 3 times daily.
Tincture (1:4 in 40% to 50% alcohol): 10 - 60 drops, 3 times daily; 0.5 ml, twice daily.
Fluidextract (1:1 in 25% to 50% alcohol): 25 - 60 drops, 3 times daily; 1 - 3 ml, 3 times daily.
Powder: 10 - 60 grains, 3 or 4 times daily.
Dried herb: 9 - 16 g daily.
For parenteral administration (of a product imported from Europe), the manufacturer's directions should be followed.

MARIGOLD: (Calendula Officinalis)
Gender: Masculine
Planet: Sun
Element: Fire
Associated Uses:
Sun Gods
Magickal Uses:
Consecration, Divination, Legal Matter, Prophetic Dreams,
Protection, Psychic powers.
Marigolds, picked at noon when the Sun is at its hottest and strongest, will strengthen and comfort the heart. Garlands of marigolds strung on the doorposts stop evil from entering the house, and scattered under the bed they protect you while asleep and make your dreams come true, i.e. give you prophetic dreams. Especially effective in discovering a thief who has robbed you. Marigolds added to the bath water help win the respect and admiration of everyone you meet. Looking at the bright flowers strengthens the sight, and carried in the pocket, marigold helps justice to smile favorably upon you while in court. If a girl touches the petals of the marigold with her bare feet, she will understand the languages of the birds.

Since the dawn of civilization, the ligulate florets of the Calendula officinalis L. plant, which are commonly and falsely believed to be the floral “petals”, have been employed in herbal medicine. The calendula was a commonly used herbal plant in the medical system of many ancient civilizations. Calendula is a member of the plant family Asteraceae. This plant is commonly cultivated in gardens as an ornamental herb, being at times known as the pot marigold or the garden marigold in some places. The calendula herb must not be mistaken for plants belonging to the genus Tagetes - which are the true marigolds and very commonly cultivated as garden ornamentals. A variety of ailments were traditionally treated using the calendula, which has one of the longest history as a herbal medical plant, calendula has often been consumed to treat many different kinds of illnesses, these problems include muscular spasms, persistent fevers, suppression of the menstrual cycle in women, and even in treating cancer of different tissues. The primary use of the plant, however, has always been in the role of a local topical application to boost healing rate on a wound and to prevent the infection of severe wounds on the body. The calendula is prescribed by most modern herbalists in the form of an herbal tincture, as an herbal infusion, or in ointment form - the remedies are used in healing a variety of skin conditions that range from chapped skin to open wounds on the body.

Extensive clinical analysis and many chemical studies on the calendula flowers have been done till date, a lot of these studies have been carried out in Europe, however, not much of the unique or active principles that account for the physiological effects have been identified and no outstanding mystery compounds were found in these studies. On chemical analysis, the calendula flowers were found to contain a volatile oil, many bitter chemical principles, different types of carotenoids, a lot of mucilage, plant resin, all kinds of polysaccharides, plant acids and a variety of alcoholic compounds, different compounds such as the saponins and other glycosides, as well as different kinds of sterols. In many of these general groups of compounds, most of the individual constituents have been identified and chemically analyzed in laboratories. Till the middle of the 1980Â’s, the chemical active principles that were seen to be responsible for calendula's reputed anti-inflammatory and wound healing actions remained a mystery, these purported beneficial effects were observed when the calendula was applied locally to the skin or mucous membranes. While the anti-inflammatory effects have been attributed to the presence of the compounds such as the saponins and polysaccharides, these two compounds were completely absent in the lipophilic extracts of the calendula. The anti-inflammatory activity displayed by the herb has recently been shown to be heavily influenced by the faradiol monoester present in the purified triterpenoid fraction of calendula flowers - in a CO 2 extract. The freeze dried extract of calendula flowers were recently studied and the study indicated that the water soluble pigments called flavonoids - or some other components - tended to increase the rate of neo-vascularization in the body and caused deposition of hyaluronan - this compound is a major component of the extra cellular matrix, it is often associated with the formation, the alignment, and the migration of capillaries inside the human body. The long traditional use of the herb in healing wounds is supported to some degree by the results of this research and thus some scientific evidence can confirm the herbal medication's traditional reputation.

CalendulaÂ’s carotenoid pigments have some use as coloring agents in many cosmetic products, and the volatile oil found in the flowers is a very useful ingredient in perfumeries, however, not a single one of the many other chemicals identified in the flowers has any medicinal properties that can be said to be better than other remedies. There are no instances of toxicity from the use of the calendula and the herb is believed to be non-toxic. When the calendula is used in the form of a herbal ointment, it is usually colored and one can easily identified where it has been applied on the body, the color delineates the wound or other skin condition affecting the body clearly. When seen in this light, the ointment of calendula may be considered just as useful as Mercurochrome and equally effective.

Calendula is of the extreme value when used either as a herbal salve or in the form of a dilute tincture when treating any type of external skin, muscle or blood vessel disorders - these can include sundry wounds, all kinds of sores, problems like varicose veins, cramped or pulled muscles, problems like boils, slight to heavy bruises, muscle sprains, problems like athlete's foot, light burns and frostbites, as well as many other topical complaints.

The results from two important medical studies that were published in the Soviet science journal Vatreshni Bolesti in June of 1981, confirms that the herbal calendula remedy can heal duodenal ulcers, the report also states that calendula remedies are useful in the treatment of inflammation affecting both the stomach and the duodenum, as well as being effective in dealing with intestinal colitis. Duodenal ulcers were treated using an equal mixture of the comfrey root and the calendula, this mixture resulted in healing relief for nineteen patients affected by duodenal ulcers and also alleviated the condition of nineteen other patients afflicted by gastroduodenitis. Each of the patients were give an herbal mixture tea prepared using both the herbs, the tea was made using a tbsp. of each herb and this was boiled in one quart of water, the herbal water was allowed to simmer for five minutes, following by forty minutes of steeping. Two cups of this tea was given to every patient daily and very significant success was seen in the treatment.

The report in the journal also cited results obtained from the second study, where twenty four patients down with chronic non-specific colitis were given a remedy made from a combination of herbs that was made up of equal parts of the root of the dandelion, the St. Johns wort herb, the lemon balm herb, calendula and fennel seeds. This herbal mixture was prepared as a strong herbal tea. The tea was made by using a tsp. of each herb boiled in one and a half qts. of water, the herbal water was allowed to steep for an hour. Each of the patients was then given a cup of this herbal tea, thrice a day. The brief English abstract of the published medical report states; "As a result of the treatment, the spontaneous and palpable pains along the large intestine disappeared in 95.83% of the patients by the 15th day of their admission to the clinic." The statement above is concrete evidence that shows the real clinical validity of the benefits to be found in this rather wonderful herb, especially of its success in treating different inflammatory conditions.

The antiseptic and astringent effects of the calendula come in handy in the treatment of many conditions affecting the human body. The herb helps in stimulating the functioning of the immune system and also actively aids the body fight off all kinds of infections including the flu and the herpes viruses among others. Calendula reduces lymphatic congestion and swollen lymph glands. The bactericidal and fungicidal properties of the calendula come in handy in treating infections; the herb is one of the best herbal remedies for the treatment of fungal infections like the thrush. Pelvic and bowel infections have also been treated using the calendula, these includes disorders such as enteritis, persistent dysentery, intestinal worms and amoebic infections. The calendula has also been used in the treatment of viral hepatitis. When used as a hot herbal infusion, the calendula herb can stimulate the circulation and bring on increased perspiration, this effect of the herb aids the body in dealing with accumulated toxins and the eruptions in diseases such as measles and chickenpox - the sweating detoxifies the body. The remedies made from the calendula herb are very effective in dealing with disorders affecting the female reproductive system, the herbal remedy aids in regulating the menstruation and helps bring relief from menstrual cramps that affect some women. The calendula also possesses estrogenic effects that aid women during the time of menopause and the same property of the herb also reduces breast congestion in women. The potent astringent property of the calendula aids the body by reducing excessive bleeding and uterine congestion in women. The calendula herb has a long standing reputation as being beneficial for the treatment of tumors and cysts in the body - though this has not been scientifically proven nor has it been documented. The calendula herb also actively promotes uterine contractions and aids in the delivery of the placenta during the birth of a child. The calendula also makes for a wonderful healing remedy with regard to disorders affecting the digestive tract, in case of disorders such as gastritis and peptic ulcers, as well as in the treatment of inflammation and irritations along the lining of the stomach and the bowels. The herbal remedies made from the calendula also stops diarrhea and halts bleeding in the body. The calendula also helps the body to rapidly eliminate toxins as its boosts the functioning of the liver. As an herbal remedy, the calendula has a great reputation as a first aid herbal remedy for treating all kinds of cuts and bruises, as well as abrasions on the skin. It is also considered to be an ideal herbal antiseptic healer for treating all kinds of sores and ulcers affecting a person.
PARTS USED

Flower head.
USES

The calendula is a potent antiseptic herb. Several of the active chemical constituents found in the herb are fungicidal or mycotic toxins - especially the resins, in addition these compounds are also bactericidal and anti-viral agents. The astringent quality of the herb also has a beneficial affect on the functioning of the capillaries, this property of the herb accounts for the effectiveness of the herb in the treatment of cuts, physical wounds, varicose veins, and various other inflammatory disorders that affect the human body.
The most beneficial actions of the calendula herb are for its positive effects on the skin, the herb is a very good remedy for all types of skin complaints. Calendula is a very effective herb for the treatment of most minor skin problems induced by different factors. The remedy made from the calendula can be employed to treat cuts, scrapes, and different kinds of minor wounds; it is excellent for alleviating reddened and inflamed skin. It is an excellent remedy for minor burns and for problems such as sunburn. It is a good remedy for acne and for the treatment of rashes. All types of infections caused by fungi including ringworm, the athlete's foot, and thrush can be treated using the calendula. In addition, the calendula is excellent for treating diaper rash and cradle cap in infants. The herb also soothes nipples that are sore from prolonged breast feeding sessions.
When the calendula remedy is consumed as the herbal infusion or in tincture form, the herb helps fight off all sorts of inflammatory problems affecting the digestive system, including problems such as gastritis, chronic peptic ulcers, regional ileitis and colitis. The herb brings relief from these problems when used therapeutically over the long term.
The detoxification power of the calendula has been recognized for a long time in the herbal community. Calendula helps in treating the toxicity in the body, which is the reason for so many fevers and infections; it actively aids in the detoxification of the body and is a good remedy for the treatment of systemic skin disorders, including chronic problems such as eczema and acne. Due to its ability to detoxify the body, the calendula helps cleanse the liver and gallbladder of accumulated toxins, and a remedy made from the calendula can be employed for the treatment of problems affecting these two vital organs in the body. The mild estrogen like action possesses by the calendula is often employed in treatment strategies that are directed at lowering menstrual pain and in order to help in the regulation of bleeding during normal menstruation in women. Calendula infusion can be used as an effective douche for treating yeast infections in the vaginal cavity.

Other medical uses
Homeopathy, Abscess, Breast tenderness, Wrinkles.

Culinary uses
The calendula is used in the preparation of many culinary dishes. The addition of fresh and tender calendula leaves to salads and raw vegetable mixtures is an excellent idea. The chopped or whole petals of freshly plucked calendula flowers can also be added to tossed salads to improve the taste.
Calendula floral petals can be used in fresh, dried, or powdered form to impart color and to bring a subtle bittersweet flavor to different foods, including different kinds of sea foods, to chowders and soups, to flavor stews and rice, to add flavor to roast meats and vegetable dishes, or to spice up chicken dishes.
The floral petals of the calendula can be prepared into a flavoring liquid. To make this, the petals of freshly plucked flowers can be chopped and bruised; these should then be soaked in milk or water and left for some time. Once they have been soaked for sometime, the gold colored liquid can be strained and used as required in any dish.
The calendula can act as a substitute in any recipe requiring the use of saffron flowers. Calendula is cheap compared to saffron, the color imparted to the food is of a similar vibrant hue, and however, the flavor imparted to the food is different and equally delicious.
At a commercial level, the flowers of the calendula are employed in coloring poultry products, to color butter and cheese, and as a flavor for ice creams, different soft drinks, baked goods, as well as candy and other condiments.

Craft uses
Calendula is also used in floral displays, the pretty calendula flowers can be included in fresh floral bouquets and arrangements during the summer. The fragrant smelling calendula floral heads and the dried aromatic petals can be included in potpourris and incenses.
HOW MUCH TO TAKE

Herbal calendula tea can be prepared by steeping one to two teaspoons of the flowers in two hundred ml of boiling water; the pot must be covered for ten to fifteen minutes to allow the herb to infuse into the water. Once this is done, the decoction can be strained, cooled and then drunk as and when needed. Generally, a minimum of three cups of the herbal calendula tea must be consumed everyday to get the beneficial effects. Calendula herbal tincture must be used thrice a day in a similar manner to the tea, a single dose of the tincture can be one to two ml. Calendula herbal tincture can be consumed mixed in water or in ordinary tea. Skin complaints of all kinds can be treated using the prepared ointments of the calendula; these remedies are often effective in treating disorders affecting the skin. Skin complaints can also be treated using wet dressings made by dipping cloth into the cooled herbal calendula tea. Due to the necessity of maintaining an absolutely sterile condition, using the infusion of calendula as a home remedy for treating eye conditions is not recommended.
SIDE EFFECTS AND CAUTIONS

As culinary herb, the calendula is considered to be one of the safest herbs around. At the same time, a person can react badly to the calendula, for example, a person who has an allergic reaction to pollen of any plant species belonging to the daisy family of plants, like the ragweed, may experience an allergic reaction to the calendula as well, though the chances of this occurring are rare.
Being considered safe and moderately therapeutic, the calendula herb is very often used in preparing homemade skin remedies, which are used in treating a variety of skin complaints. Though quite rare, there are occasions when some individuals develop an allergic reaction to the calendula as a result of frequent use of the herbal calendula skin remedy.
The menstrual cycle is traditionally believed to be influenced by calendula herb. Due to these concerns, some authorities on herbs suggest that calendula must not be consumed by pregnant women and nursing mothers, however, no evidence of harm from the use of calendula in these women exist.
APPLICATIONS

Petals:
INFUSION – The herbal infusion of calendula can be used in the treatment of complaints associated with menopause, it can be used to being relief from pain during the menstrual cycle, and it can also be used to treat gastritis and to alleviate the inflammation affecting the esophageal region.
TINCTURE – The herbal calendula tincture can be used in the treatment of stagnant liver problems, such disorders include a sluggish digestion. This remedy can be employed for treating all types of menstrual disorders affecting women, especially those connected to irregular or painful menstruation.
COMPRESS – The infusion of the calendula can be used in a herbal compress, where an application of a pad soaked in the infusion on the skin can treat wounds that are slow in healing. This herbal compress can also be used to treat varicose ulcers on the body.
MOUTHWASH – The herbal calendula infusion is also an excellent remedy for the treatment of mouth ulcers and to treat chronic gum disease.
CREAM – The herbal cream of the calendula can be applied on the skin for any disorder that involves inflammation on the skin or the drying out of the skin. This calendula cream can be used in the treatment of wounds, to treat dry eczema, to treat sore nipples in breastfeeding women, as well as to treat scalds, and sun burnt skin.
INFUSED OIL – The infused herbal oil of the calendula can be used in the treatment of problems such as chilblains, to treat hemorrhoids, and to treat broken capillaries inside the body.
Essential oil:
SUPPOSITORIES – The essential oil of the calendula is employed in vaginal suppositories, these can have about two to five drops each of the calendula and the tea tree oils. The suppository must be used once or twice daily, for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections and related problems affecting the vaginal cavity.
OIL – To alleviate nervous anxiety or depression, add five to ten drops of the oil in bath water and bathe daily or as long as necessary.
COLLECTION AND HARVESTING

Only the tender and young leaves must be picked and only freshly plucked leaves must be used to prepare remedies.
As for the calendula flowers to be used fresh or dried for late use, the floral petals must be collected only from flowers that have just opened. When fresh flowers are to be used in culinary or medical preparations, the first thing to be do is to pluck the petals from the flowers in one clean action, the white or pale green "heels," on the flowers that have a somewhat bitter taste must then be cut off, the freed petals can then be washed gently in water, and then dried well using tissues. One more way to do this is to wash the collected flowers initially; followed by the plucking out of individual petals, and lastly a drying session using paper towels to pat dry the wet petals. Once the petals have been washed, they can be stored wrapped in plastic bags in the refrigerator for use as and when they are needed.
After harvesting, the calendula flowers that need to be dried can be spread thinly on screens inside a dark, warm and well ventilated site. If the air flow is poor while the petals are being dried, they tend to lose their color and flavor, therefore proper ventilation in the site is a must for drying the flowers. While they are being dried, the flowers must frequently be turned till they become crisp to the touch. Separate the petals from the flowers once they become dry and then store these in an airtight container for use as and when needed. Due to the fact that the dried calendula petals tend to absorb moisture, they must be absolutely dry before storage - moisture can destroy the dried flowers. When preparing remedies from the dried petals, one way to use them is to ground them well and to use the powder to make the herbal remedy.

*Fennel* Planet: Mercury Element: Air/Fire Main magickal uses: confidence, courage, fertility, longevity, love, Midsummer, protection, psychic protection, purification, strength Other magickal uses: Commanding, consecration, divination, energy, gain, meditation, Summer rituals, virility Lore: Fennel was used by the Saxons and by Jewish mystics as an asperger and purifying herb. It also had a history of use by the Greeks, Romans, and Germans, and it followed colonists to the New World. Aoumiel associates it with the God.
Parts used

The leaves, stems, roots, seeds and oil are used for medical and culinary purposes.
Properties

Fennel is a sweet, aromatic, diuretic herb that relieves digestive problems, increases lactation, relaxes spasms and reduces inflammation with expectorant, carminative and aromatic properties.

The essential oil is high in phenylpropanoids, and "sweet" fennel oil, extracted from the crushed seeds, differs from "bitter" fennel oil, which is extracted from the crushed seeds and/or the whole herb from the Foeniculum vulgare var. amara plant.

It is the sweet fennel oil that is used in aromatherapy. It contains anethole, fenchon, limonene and a-pinene, while the fruit (seeds) also contains various flavonoids and furanocoumarins.
Therapeutic uses detoxifies the body

* Internal use
o It is used as a antispasmodic, diuretic, pain-and fever-reducer and has antimicrobial properties.
o Furthermore it has a mild estrogenic effect and also exhibit a calming effect on the bronchial tubes.
o Fennel relieves the smooth muscle lining of the digestive track and help digestion and relieves indigestion, gas, dyspepsia and colic, as well as reducing intestinal spasms.
o It is used to increase milk flow in breastfeeding mothers.
o It is also used for menstrual problems and to relieve the griping effect of laxatives.
o Juice extracted from the fresh herb or the fruit is used to treat chronic coughs and catarrh of the upper respiratory tract in both children and adults.
o The root is used for urinary disorders.
o Fennel leaves and leaf bases are added to salads and as a garnish and also eaten with fish and snails.
o The seeds are used to flavor breads, biscuits, sausages and stuffing.
* External use
o Fennel is used externally for a mouthwash for gum disease and sore throats. The oil makes a good liniment for applying to the chest for bronchial congestion.
o It can also be used for skin disorders, conjunctivitis and blepharitis of the eye.
* Aromatherapy and essential oil use
o When you are feeling timid and in need of courage and strength, fennel essential oil may do the trick.
o It detoxifies the body and is useful when suffering from a hangover.
o Not only does it act as tonic for the liver, kidneys and spleen, but also helps to reduce cellulite as well as easing constipation and flatulence.
o It has a cleansing and tonic action on the skin and also helps keep wrinkles at bay.
o It has antiseptic, anti-spasmodic, aperitif, carminative, detoxicant, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, insecticide, laxative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic properties.

*Onion* Planet: Mars Element: Fire Main magickal uses: exorcism, protection Other magickal uses: Clairvoyance, cleansing, contacting other planes, divination, healing, lunar rites, magic, purification, spell-breaking Lore: The link to the moon seems to be mostly due to color and shape. In protective magick, just as in cooking, onion is often combined with garlic.
Parts used

The fresh and dried bulb are used, as well as the fresh juice.
Properties

Onion is a pungent herb, protecting against infection, relaxing spasms, reducing blood pressure as well as blood clotting and blood sugar levels.It further has expectorant and diuretic properties.

It contains a range of sulfur containing compounds - sulfoxides (cyteinesulfoxide, isomer of alliin) and cepaenes.
Therapeutic uses reducing blood sugar levels

* Internal use
o It is often used for minor digestive disturbances and is also used for bronchial and gastric infections.
o Furthermore it also shows good results in preventing age-related changes in blood vessels - arteriosclerosis, as well as to treat loss of appetite.
* External use
o Externally, poultices can be made from raw onion for acne and boils. These are used for wounds and scars as well.
* Aromatherapy and essential oil use
o Although an oil is made from onions, it is used in industry for flavoring.

Safety precautions and warnings protecting against infection

Onion is normally well tolerated, but can cause gastric distress in certain individuals.

*Rosemary* Planet: Sun Element: Fire Main magickal uses: cleansing, confidence, consecration, courage, exorcism, good luck, grieving, happiness, healing, knowledge, love, memory, passion, peace of mind, prevents theft, protection, psychic development, psychic protection, purification, release, ritual, rituals for the dead, water rites/sea rituals, weddings Other magickal uses: blessings, dreams, endings, energy, elves, fidelity, honesty, inspiration, invokation, longevity, meditation, new moon, prevents nightmares, sleep, strength, transformation, wisdom, Yule Lore: Rosemary is associated in Shakespeare's play "Hamlet" with remembrance, so its link to memory is old. Even older are its associations with general magic and healing, with feminine power--folklore had it that a healthy rosemary plant grew where a woman was head of the family--and with goddesses, especially of the sea. Catholic healers associated it with Mary. Aoumiel calls it attractive to elves. Its reputation is that of an all-purpose herb that will help with practically anything.
Parts used

The leaves and flowers as well as the essential oil are used.
Properties

Rosemary is a tonic, astringent, restorative herb that relaxes spasm and increases the rate of perspiration, while stimulating the liver and gall bladder. It improves digestion and circulation and controls pathogenic organisms.

It has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, spasmolytic, antioxidant, smooth muscle modulating, analgesic, venotonic, as well as anti-inflammatory properties.

It contains phenolic acids (rosmarinic acid), bitter diterpenes (carnosol, rosmanol) triterpenes (oleanic and ursolic acid), triterpene alcohols and flavonoids. The essential oil contained in the plant contains 1,8-cineole, a-pinene, camphor, b-pinene, borneol, iso-bornyl acetate, limonene, linalool, 3-octanone, terpineol and verbinol.
Therapeutic uses hair care

* Internal use
o It is used with great success for dyspeptic complaints, flatulence and to stimulate appetite and the secretion of gastric juices.
o It is also used as supportive therapy for rheumatism and circulatory problems.
o In herbal preparations it can be included to ensure proper circulation to the penis.
o Furthermore it is used for headaches, as well as for nervous complaints.
o Rosemary is used widely in Mediterranean cooking and the fresh or dried leaves are used to flavor meat (especially lamb and kid), sausages, stuffing, soups, stews and to make tea. The flowers can also be added to salads.
* External use
o Externally, rosemary helps to increase circulation and is very often used in hair care products and lotions as it stimulates the hair follicles to renewed activity and prevent premature baldness.
o It has two important properties – it is an outstanding free radical scavenger and therefore has amazing antioxidant properties, and secondly has an remarkable stimulating effect on the skin.
o Apart from this, it has good antiseptic properties and is traditionally used for hair and scalp stimulation, as well as anti-aging products.
o It has rubefacient properties and therefore is most useful when an increase of blood flow is required or when below-par circulation needs to be rectified.
o Rosemary is an effective treatment against scurf and dandruff.
o It can also be used in mouth rinses and gargles; and is applied topically to stimulate circulation.
o It has analgesic as well as antibacterial, antifungal and anti-parasitic properties.
* Aromatherapy and essential oil use
o This essential oil helps to clear the mind, sharpen the memory and boost the central nervous system. In the body it helps to clear respiratory congestion, including sinuses and relieving catarrh and asthma.
o Its analgesic properties are useful for treating rheumatism, arthritis and sore stiff muscles.
o Furthermore, it stimulates the liver and gall bladder and helps to lower high blood sugar.
o On the skin, it has a tightening effect and reduces bloating and puffiness. In hair care, it stimulates hair growth and fights scalp problems.
o It has analgesic, antidepressant, astringent, carminative, cephalic, cholagogue, cordial, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, hepatic, hypertensive, nervine, rubefacient, stimulant, sudorific and tonic properties.

Common Catnip (Nepeta cataria)
White flowers, grows up to 3 feet. This is the variety most cats enjoy.

Camphor Catnip (Nepeta camphorata
White flowers with purple dots, grows up to 18 inches. Camphor scent.

Greek Catnip (Nepeta parnassica)
White, pale pink flowers, grows up to 18 inches.

Lemon Catnip (Nepeta cataria citriodora)
White flowers, spotted with purple, grows up to 3 feet. The leaves have a lemony scent.

Catmint (Nepeta mussinii)
Purple flowers. This plant has smallish, grey/green leaves. It grows up to 15 inches high.
Parts Used: Leaves and flowering tops
Cultivation: Catnip is a perennial which does not grow easily from seed, but from cuttings. It grows wild around my house! Catnip likes dry, sandy, well-drained soil, in sun to part shade, with a pH of 6.6. It is hardy to zone 3.
Magickal Properties: Animal magick, beauty, happiness, love. Catnip is a feminine plant associated with Venus and the element of Water.
Magickal Uses: Use with rose petals in love sachets. Catnip enhances beauty and happiness. Grow it near your home to attract good spirits and great luck.
Medicinal Properties: Anti-spasmodic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, sedative.
Medicinal Uses: Catnip tea is used to treat everything from colds to cancer. Common uses are: as a digestive tonic, and mild sleeping aid. Catnip eases upset stomachs. It is good for treating children's diarrhea.

Common Names: Lotus
Latin Name: Nelumbo nucifera
Parts Used: Whole plant
Cultivation: Lotuses are hardy perennial water plants but will only live through the winter if their roots do not freeze--mulch thoroughly, move to a protected area, or dig the tubers every fall. They can be grown from seed or tubers.
Magickal Uses: The lotus was considered to be sacred by many ancient peoples of the East. It was a symbol of spirituality and the mystery of life. Breath the scent to be protected, or carry any part of the plant to be blessed by the gods.

Common Names: Marjoram, Pot Marjoram, Sweet Marjoram
Latin Name: Origanum majorana
Parts Used: Leaves, stalks, and flowers
Cultivation: Marjoram is a tender perennial, hardy only to zones 9-10. In the North it is usually grown as an annual.
Cosmetic Uses: Marjoram has a mild antiseptic action that can be useful in cleansing baths and facials.
Culinary Uses: Marjoram tastes like a milder oregano and can be substituted for it in recipes. It is widely used in French, Italian, and Portuguese cuisines.
Magickal Uses: Place marjoram plants around your house to protect it. Use it in love spells, and mix with violets to ward off colds.
Medicinal Uses: Try marjoram tea for headaches. Use its antiseptic properties in a gargle to treat mouth ulcers, or to aid in the treatment of external wounds. It is a diaphoretic which can be used in the treatment of colds and flu. Rub marjoram oil into muscle aches and sprains.
Note: Marjoram and oregano are members of the same family and can be interchanged, remembering that oregano has a stronger flavor.

Cautions: Marjoram can be a uterine irritant and should be used with caution during menstruation or pregnancy.

Mandrake Root (American)
Botanical: Podophyllum peltatum (American)*
Family: Berberidaceae (barberry)
Other common names: American Mandrake, Mayapple, Raccoon Berry, Wild Lemon, Indian Apple, Duck's Foot, Hog Apple, Umbrella Plant, Ground Lemon

* Not to be confused with European Mandrake, an entirely different plant of the poisonous nightshade family.
The real Mandrake (the plant) is a long leafed (nearly a foot long, and 6" wide) dark green plant with small greenish-yellow or purple bell-shaped flowers that drow on 3-4" stalks. The flowers eventually fruit into small orange-coloured fleshy berries with a strong, apple-like scent, hence the name Satan's Apples.

It is best known for the large brown root, running 3 to 4 feet into the ground sometimes single and sometimes forked into two or three distinctive branches (bifid) which gives the plant a rough resemblance to that of a human monster form.

Magically speaking, the female mandrake carries forked that look like a pair of human legs, whereas the male has only a single root.

In the old Herbals we find them frequently figured as a male with a long beard, and a female with a very bushy head of hair.

The female form is the most sought after for magic and medicinal use. It was the female form that was carved in the Middle Ages (in Germany and France) into manikins.
Element: Fire

Planet: Mercury, Uranus and Pluto.

Powers: Protection, Fertility, Money, Love, Health

A whole Mandrake root placed in the home, will give the house protection, fertility, and prosperity. Also, where there is Mandrake, demons cannot abide. Money placed beside the root is said to multiply.

Common Names: Mullein, Aaron's Rod, Clot, Doffel, Feltwort
Latin Name: Verbascum thapus
Parts Used: Leaves, flowers
Cultivation: Mullein grows wild; it will grow in just about any soil in sun to part shade. It is a hardy biennial which reseeds readily.
Magickal Uses: Use a mullein pillow to guard against nightmares. Carry some as a charm for courage, especially when faced with wild animals. Use powdered mullein leaves as a substitute for graveyard dust in spells.
Medicinal Uses: Use a mullein extract in olive oil to treat inflamed skin. It is specific for bronchitis with a hard, sore cough.

Common Names: Jasmine, Jessamin
Latin Name: Jasminum officinale
Parts Used: Flowers
Cultivation: Jasmine is a perennial shrub hardy to zone 7. They grow best in light, well-drained soil in full sun to part shade. Jasmine is a popular house plant.
Magickal Uses: Add dried jasmine flowers to love sachets and incenses. Carry or wear the flowers to attract money. Burn jasmine in the beroom to induce prophetic dreams.

Juniper

Common Names: Juniper, Gin Berry
Latin Name: Juniperus communis
Parts Used: Leaves, twigs, and berries
Cultivation: Juniper is a hardy shrub often used as a groundcover. Plant both male and female plants if you want berries.
Culinary Uses: Juniper is the primary flavoring in gin, but it has other culinary uses. Use a few bruised juniper berries in marinades, soups, and stews. Juniper combines well with parsley, fennel, bay, and garlic. Grill meats with a juniper branch or two on the coals; this will give the meat a rich flavor.
Magickal Uses: Juniper is used to protect against thieves, evil forces, accidents, animal attacks, ghosts, and sickness. Juniper burned as incense helps strengthen psychic powers.
Medicinal Uses: Use poultices of juniper to relieve rheumatic and arthritic pains, as well as ulcers and inflammations. Juniper is a diuretic, but it acts by irritating the kidneys, and there are other, safer means available.

Cautions: Repeated use of juniper can cause kidney damage, convulsions, and personality changes. It should never be used by pregnant women.

Common Names: Nettle, Stinging Nettle
Latin Name: Urtica dioica
Parts Used: Flowers, leaves, and shoots
Cultivation: Nettles grow wild and will happily sprout anywhere you don't weed.
Culinary Uses: Believe it or not, nettles are actually edible--the sting disappears when it is cooked! Steam or boil them lightly and serve with butter and lemon; or add to soups, stews, and broth for added flavor and nutrition. Nettles are an excellent source of Vitamin C.
Magickal Uses: Nettles remove curses and protect from evil. Use in purification baths--cook first!
Medicinal Uses: Nettles are an excellent tonic for strengthening the entire system. They are astringent and may be used to stop bleeding such as nosebleeds or excessive uterine bleeding. And nettles (here's another surprise!) are specific for the treatment of eczema, especially childhood eczema.

Cautions: Harvest nettles wearing gloves; they cause a painful stinging which can linger for days
Nutmeg

Common Names: Nutmeg
Latin Name: Myristca fragrans
Parts Used: Seeds
Cultivation: Nutmeg is a tropical evergreen tree growing in the Spice Islands.
Culinary Uses: Use in baking quick breads and desserts. Add a pinch to cream and cheese sauces, and, of course, toss it in eggnog.
Magickal Uses: Make a good luck charm by stringing together whole nutmeg, star anise, and tonka beans. Add ground nutmeg or nutmeg essential oil to prosperity mixtures.

Lesson #8

Angelica
Grown, the plant is protective. Use in all protection and exorcism incenses. Sprinkle the four corners of the house with angelica to ward off evil, or do this around the perimeter of the house. Added to the bath angelica removes curses, hexes and any spells that may have been cast against you. The root was carried in the pocket as a gambling talisman among some American Indian tribes. Angelica is also used in healing incenses and mixtures, and smoking the leaves is said to cause visions.

Angelica (Angelica archangelica) aka archangel, masterwort
Masculine. Sun. Fire. Deity: Venus.

Some varieties are grown as flavoring agents or for their Medicinal properties. The most notable of these is Garden Angelica(A. archangelica), which is commonly known simply as angelica. Natives of Lapland use the fleshy roots as food and the stalks as medicine. Crystallized strips of young angelica stems and midribs are green in colour and are sold as decorative and flavoursome cake decoration material, but may also be enjoyed on their own. The roots and seeds are sometimes used to flavor gin. Its presence accounts for the distinct flavor of many liqueurs such as Chartreuse.


Blackberry (Rubus villosus)
Feminine. Venus. Water. Deity: Bridget

Healing, Money, Protection. Bake blackberry pies at Lammas. Use leaves and berries in spells of wealth. Dry fruit and powder it for use in magickal healing potions. Weave pentagrams from the brambles to hang in the home for protection.

A bramble bush that forms a natural arch is a great aid to magical healing. On a sunny day, crawl through the arch backward and then forward three times, going as nearly east to west as possible. This will cause boils, rheumatism, whooping cough and even blackheads to disappear. The blackberry leaves are used in spells of wealth, as are the berries themselves and the vines are protective if grown. this tree several times and the evil shall flee in terror. Barren women walk naked beneath a bodhi tree to become fertile. Use the leaves in meditation incenses and all mixtures designed to give wisdom.


Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) aka Indian sage, feverwort, sweating plant, teasel, wood boneset
Feminine. Saturn. Water.

Protection. Exorcism.
The plant wards off evil spirits. Make an infusion and sprinkle about the house to drive away evil.

(I know this is short but this is really all I wanted you to know about boneset)