All hindu gods are connected or associated with the magic they possess or they generate. I am a follower of Shaktism. Still I may help you to know which hindu god is associated with which type of magic. Also there are many forms of one single diety so i am naming the diety first ,with this mark (*), and then the subsequent forms are mentioned below. Also ,there are a group of such forms of who are classified together which will also be mentioned before.
The list is as follows
*Adi shakti (Divine Feminine):-
10 Mahavidyas-
Mahakali: ( goddess of time and destruction); associated with death , destruction, black and baneful magic.
Tara: (Goddess of protection); associated with protection magic.
Tripurasundari :(Goddess of beauty and the 5 elements); associated with beauty, healing and elemental magic.
Bhuvaneswari :(Goddess of realms and creation); associated with universal energy, healing and constructive magic.
Bhairavi :(Goddess of fear and death); associated with death, fear , black and chaos magic. Also helpful in energy sucking .
Chinnamasta: (The beheaded goddess and the goddess of motherhood and wish fulfilling); associated with wish spells and fulfills all wishes.
Dhumavati: (Goddess of widowhood, misfortune, harm and death); associated with misfortune , death , curses and baneful magic. Also related with loss , sorrow and widowhood.
Baglamukhi:(Goddess of mind, hypnosis and mental disorders); associated with mind , psychic, manipulation and attraction spells . Also known to drive enemies away .
Matangi(Goddess of equality and justice): associated with spells to seek justice and knowledge. Known to take away negativity from one's mind hence related with cleansing magic.
Kamala:(Goddess of prosperity); associated with prosperity ,success and fortune spells .
These are tantric Goddesses which are mostly called for divination in tantric rites .The above 10 can be collectively summoned to create one of the most powerful magical traps.
*Navdurga:-
Shailputri: associated with renewal and snow magic . Related with childhood, happiness and new beginnings.
Brahmacharini: associated with grounding and meditation.
Chandraghanta: associated with beauty and marriage spells.
Kushmanda: associated with energy and solar magic.
Skandamata: associated with motherhood and maternity .
Katyayani: associated with anger, courage, strength and success. Drives enemies away.
Kaalratri: associated with night ,fear , curses and black magic.
Mahagauri: associated with protection, cleansing and healing.
Siddhidatri : associated with divination magic. She is the sole giver of psychic abilities and energies
Tridevi-
Lakshmi:(Goddess of prosperity); associated with fortune , prosperity, luck and success spells.
Saraswati:(Goddess of wisdom); associated with learning ,art ,wisdom and creativity.
Parvati:(Main form of Divine Feminine); associated with healing , meditation and marriage spells.. Unmarried women who worship this goddess are said to get their dream husband in future.
Other Goddesses-
Durga:(Unified form of Trishakti); ends evil influences, related with all kinds of divination , helps only for positive means .
Ganga:(The river goddess of purification); associated with cleansing magic and salvation. Washes away sins .
Gayatri :(wielder of vedas); associated with knowledge, healing , cleansing and protection spells. Those who chant her mantras regularly are said to be untouched by by bad omen.
Mahamaya:(Goddess of magic); associated with divination and chaos magic.
*Adi Shiva (Divine Masculine):-
Ashta Murti-
Vayumurti:(Parent of wind); Air magic
Bhumimurti:(Parent of earth); Earth magic
Agnimurti:(Parent of fire); Fire magic
Jalamurti:(Parent of water); Water magic
Akashamurti:(Parent of spirit); Spirit or Aether magic
Suryamurti:(Parent of the sun); solar magic
Chandramurti:(Parent of the moon); lunar magic
Jeevamurti:(Parent of life); life magic or biokinesis
The Ashta Murti are the forms of Shiva that symbolize the elements of universe in which he is present and to which he gives energy.
12 Jyotislingas-
Somnath: associated with lunar magic and moon cycle
Mallikarjuna: associated with healing, nurturing , growth and the magic involving these
Mahakaal: associated with death, destruction and black magic
Omkareshwar: associated with positive vibration and sound of om
Kedarnath: associated with renewal and healing magic
Bhimashankar: associated with protection magic
Vishwanath: associated with universal energy and indestructibility
Trimbakeshwar: union of Trinity and associated with creation, preservation and destruction.
Ghusmeshwar: associated with healing , protection and peace
Nageshwar: associated with serpents
Vaidyanath: associated with healing and herb magic
Rameshwar: associated with new beginnings and conquests
Jyotislingas are not generally called for divination. Still ,their correspondences are metioned above.
Other forms of shiva -
Bhairav:(God of fear); chaos magic and black magic.
Veerabhadra:(avatar of Shiva); associated with courage , confidence, revenge and vengeful magic
Nataraja:(God of dance); associated with punishment, destruction and memory spells. Summon to destroy forget spells.
Hanuman:(avatar of shiva); associated with protection magic. Only his name is just appropriate to drive away evil.
*Trideva-
Brahma: (Creator); associated with constructive and spiritual magic.
Vishnu:(Preserver); associated with protection and healing magic.
Shiva:(Destroyer); associated with destructive and cleansing magic . Also related to marriage spells . Unmarried women keep fasts for shiva on 16 consecutive mondays to get their dream husbands .
*Other gods :-
Indra:(Rain god); Rain and weather spells .
Kartikeya:(God of war); conflict and banishing spells.
Ganesha:(God of new beginnings); wisdom spells and removal of obstacles. He is the one who is worshipped on new beginnings. A beginning without his worship is said to be forbidden.
Kamadeva:(God of love); associated with all kinds of love and beauty spells.
Vishwakarma:(God of engineering and architecture); associated with creative spells.
Ashwini kumars:(Twin Gods of healing); associated with healing and herb magic.
The others may be continued the same chain . I am not continuing here since the post has been too long . Sorry for the inconvenience.